Microdiscectomy

Reviewed by our Healthcare Team Member

Daniel Birk, MD

Daniel M. Birk, M.D., FAANS is a Board Certified Neurosurgeon specializing in complex and minimally invasive spinal surgery. He treats a variety of spinal conditions, such as lumbar stenosis, cervical stenosis, scoliosis, herniated discs, radiculopathy, myelopathy, spondylolisthesis, spondylolysis, spinal metastasis, failed spinal fusion, and spinal trauma.

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What is a Microdiscectomy?

A microdiscectomy (sometimes called a microscopic discectomy) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to relieve pressure on a spinal nerve caused by a herniated disc. It is most commonly performed in the lower back (lumbar spine) and uses small instruments and a microscope or magnifying lens to improve precision.

Why it may be recommended

A microdiscectomy may be considered for patients who:

experience significant leg pain (sciatica) due to a herniated disc
have numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs
have symptoms that have not improved with nonsurgical care such as physical therapy, medication, or injections
show nerve compression on imaging studies

How the procedure works

During a microdiscectomy:

A small incision is made in the lower back.
Muscles and soft tissues are gently moved aside.
A microscope or surgical loupes helps visualize the herniated disc.
A small portion of the disc that is pressing on the nerve is removed.
The surgeon confirms the nerve is decompressed.

Because the incision is small and tissues are handled precisely, this approach often allows for faster recovery and less postoperative discomfort.

Benefits

Patients may experience:

relief of leg pain
improvement in numbness or weakness
ability to resume activities sooner compared with more extensive open surgery

Many patients notice relief within days of the procedure, although full recovery varies by individual.

Recovery expectations

Recovery from a microdiscectomy typically includes:

brief hospital stay or same-day discharge
gradual return to normal activities over several weeks
guidance on safe bending, lifting, and sitting
possible physical therapy to support rehabilitation

Your surgeon will provide a personalized recovery plan.

Risks and possible complications

All surgery carries some risks. Potential risks of microdiscectomy may include:

infection
bleeding
nerve irritation or injury
recurrent disc herniation
persistent pain

Your provider will review your individual risk profile with you.

Related topics

Herniated disc
Sciatica
Lumbar spine anatomy
Physical therapy for back pain

Educational Disclaimer:
This page is intended for patient education and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Treatment decisions should be made with your healthcare provider.